Enemies of the proletarian state believed that after their intervention in the Civil War the Soviet Union would be incapable of becoming one of the great sea powers again for a long time.• Pravda, December 1935 In early 1935, General Secretary Josef V. Stalin ordered the Red Navy to draft plans for a massive fleet based around large battleships. The Second Five-Year Plan, already under way, had called for huge coastal-defense forces. Under the Third Five-Year Plan, that would be extended to sea control far beyond Soviet shores. Technical assistance, armaments, plans and even entire warships were pursued or purchased in Germany, Italy and the United States. Powerful battleships armed with the heaviest guns would be the fleet's backbone, with flocks of cruisers and destroyers to support them. A few aircraft carriers were acceptable for scouting purposes, Stalin allowed, but would never amount to a major weapons system. A future war, Soviet naval planners believed, would pit the Soviet Union against the fascist states of the Axis plus their sympathizers. The capitalist democracies would probably hold to a neutrality favorable to the Soviet Union's enemies. In the Black Sea, the Red admirals ("flagmen" in the pre-war egalitarian rank structure) believed the Italian navy would join with the Turks and operate against Soviet ports. A powerful fleet would be needed to first defeat this aggression, then to seize the Turkish Straits leading into the Mediterranean and project power into that region. Black Sea Fleets is a 64-page supplement for the Second World War at Sea series. It covers Stalin's plans for a dominant fleet in the Black Sea, plus the fleets and naval air forces of Turkey and Romania. Background articles cover Soviet shipbuilding plans, the Soviet naval air forces, the Second World War campaigns on the Black Sea, Turkish and Romanian fleets and plans for larger ones, and more. Scenarios cover both the
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