Building Great Sentences: How to Write the Kinds of Sentences You Love to Read (Great Courses, 1)

Brooks Landon's belief in long sentences goes against decades of teaching and advice. The dominant plain style prizes simplicity and clarity over elegance and eloquence. But Landon favors elaboration, and one type of long sentence—the cumulative, a detail-packed propulsive structure that enhances delivery of information, emotion, and rhythm. Such a sentence might impel you to savor it, or to stop and marvel at its maker’s skill. Because cumulatives begin with a simple base sentence, they’re easy to understand even as they add modifying phrases that lengthen them—to 40 words, 60, even100 and more. Here’s a fun one by Landon himself, from his How to Build Great Sentences, with the first five words being the base sentence: "He drove the car carefully, his shaggy hair whipped by the wind, his eyes hidden behind wraparound mirror shades, his mouth set in a grim smile, a .38 Police Special on the seat beside him, the corpse stuffed in the trunk". Landon teaches a popular class in prose style at the University of Iowa; with his focus on the sentence, and especially on the unique properties and benefits of its cumulative form, he’s among a handful of distinguished holdouts against the plain style. Their research into what genius writers and highly skilled professional wordsmiths often do began with an obscure 1946 essay, “The Craft of Writing,” by John Erskine. A novelist, pianist, and composer who taught at Columbia University, Erskine argued that it isn't actually the noun or the verb but the modifier that is "the essential part of any sentence." Rhetorician Francis Christensen took up Erskine's point—and changed writing instruction for a while in the 1960s and ’70s. Many high school students and college freshmen were taught to improve their writing by imitating masterful long sentences and by combining short sentences to make compound and complex ones. Although this worked, the movement crashed under an academic counter-attack in the 1980s. Landon touches on the reasons, and cites an elegiac essay, “The Erasure of the Sentence,” by Robert J. Connors. Connors essentially says that having students imitate wasn’t sexy enough to prevail in academe. Christensen’s methods, he says, were seen as mechanistic, “lore-based,” and lacking in supporting theory. The stunning irony, to any practitioner reading about this academic dispute, is that writers, including literary artists, have always learned by imitation. In writing classes, and certainly in creative writing workshops, the precocious stars are those who, having fallen in love with words, sentences, and stories long before, have already spent years informally studying them. In swimming through libraries, such writers absorbed structures and rhythms that make prose sing or pack a punch. Building Great Sentences concentrates such a process and makes learning overt. Chapter Five, “The Rhythm of Cumulative Syntax,” drills down into their structure. Upon finishing it, on Page 67, you might wonder how Landon will fill his book’s remaining pages—ten subsequent chapters. Indeed, you have the gist of his point and grasp the reason for his passion. But Landon continues: to teach more about cumulatives; to consider a few other sentence patterns; to offer further insights into balance, suspense, and the rhetorical effects of using two examples, or three, or four (and more). In other words, everything after Chapter Five is elaboration—and more nitty gritty for actual writers, who should draw near and study. The focus on one key pattern allows Landon to go deep without losing the serious student. And thankfully, Landon’s own prose is elegant and accessible. He uses as few grammatical terms as possible. This is a study of prose effects and how to achieve them—of rhetoric, that is, not grammar per se. He deftly cites other contemporary and past theorists, distilling their thought and giving motivated teachers and writers a way to locate and learn from them as well. For me, as a memoirist, a fascinating corollary aspect of Building Better Sentences is how cumulatives can help finesse persona. The writer's reflective persona is crucial in memoir because readers reflexively judge memoirists and the past selves they are portraying. Landon says cumulative sentences present a writer who's trying harder, lend themselves to reflection, and remind readers "of the creative mind that crafted that sentence." That’s "one of the functions of style: to remind us of the mind behind the sentences we read," he says. The macho plain style, in contrast, isn't inclined toward pursuit of deeper meaning and has a take-it-or-leave-it quality. I don’t entirely agree with Landon about plain style's flaws in fiction—that subject is very complex, and his two examples poorly illustrate his contention. Yet his overall notion, based on his preference for depth of inquiry, seems valid. I’m totally on board with his championing of the cumulative sentence and with its implications for nonfiction. Especially when blended with simple and compound sentences, cumulatives offer many options for rhythmic variety and emphasis. Landon treats Strunk and White's The Elements of Style kindly, even though it’s an exemplar of and an advocate for plain style. Aimed at beginning writers, remember, The Elements of Style is a fine and bracing brief for clarity of thought and expression. And professional writers do discover the beauty of simple declarative sentences, after all. They’re always looking for places to use them. They also, of course, make sentences of other lengths and patterns. Usually the results of learning to write by imitating great sentences are credited to individual talent. That obscures the way craft is actually acquired in a monkey-see, monkey-do process. For writers serious about improving, learning craft becomes steadily more focused and overt, as well as more self-prescribed and self-directed. After reading Building Great Sentences, I’ll write more and better cumulative sentences. Landon performs a valuable service for writers, teachers, and rhetoricians in explaining his obsession with cumulatives, spotlighting their relative simplicity, their flowing beauty, their subtle but steady reassurance about the writer, and their effectiveness in conveying rhythm, emotion, and information. Building Great Sentences is one of the top writing books in my library, and it’s the most useful study of the sentence I’ve ever read.

My personal thanks to Brooks Landon for this splendid piece of work. If you are looking for a quick fix to your writing this will be like buying a jumbo jet to take you to the grocery store. But if you are serious about writing, serious about mastering the art of crafting sentences, this is the book for you. I bought the course, "Building Great Sentences" from The Great Courses and on sale it cost about $79, what I consider one of the best bargains of my life. I chose it very carefully because I realized I had a chance to choose one of the best teachers on the subject, an option I didn't have for other subjects that I've struggled with in my life, wasting time and energy with half baked ideas, faulty methods and cheap tools. I decided that for those endeavors that were important to me I would opt for the best if there was a way to get it. At this time in my life I wanted to learn to write and I decided quite deliberately to choose the best teacher. What I learned in the course from Brooks Landon amazed me. I would listen, then stop and back up and listen to the same part of the course over and over, until what I thought I could never grasp started to become a part of me, expressions such as "cumulative syntax", "base clause", "free modifier", became mine. Yes, I have a long way to go, but at least I finally got underway. If you want to haywire a broken muffler to your car, buy a cheap pair of pliers and bailing wire and do a patch job. However, if you want to be a skilled automotive technician you will never feel good about your trade doing that kind of work, skilled technicians know the value of quality tools. Writing is hard work. The tools Brooks Landon gives you for writing are the best in the business. If you want something small and simple, try "The Elements of Style" by Strunk and White. If you really apply yourself to "The Elements of Style" and stick with it I promise you that you will never write anything worth reading because all you will know is how NOT to write. Many will disagree, I don't care what they think because I've wasted too much of my life with that book. As for Brooks Landon on writing: Take it a piece at a time. Mull it over. Go back to it. He completely changed my outlook on writing. After buying the $79 course, I bought his Kindle book so I could carry it with me. P.S. After writing the above review the thought occurred to me that those who learned about writing from Brooks Landon would find it difficult to adequately express themselves in a review. The simple reason being that Brooks was so eloquent and precise, how could we come up with the words and style that such a review deserves? The result being that we give no review at all because we feel inadequate. That is how I felt, and probably others feel the same way. Charles Risen

I wouldn't recommend this book for beginning writers, though. University course or not, I think this book could've been edited better. Grammar explanations come late or not at all...and aren't very good unless you're familiar with the terminology. Thankfully I didn't need them and, for the most part, they just got in the way. All in all, if you're ready for it, there's lots of useful information in here...about cumulative sentences.

The book is engaging, illuminating and inspiring. The background knowledge is very informative and has deepened my interest while sharpening my sensitivity to the qualities and functions of sentences. I like the focus on cumulative sentences: the illustrations of syntactic development are very interactive and transferable. The four principles have increased my proficiency in reading and writing. I now deliberately look for them when I read and use them to improve my writing. An excellent handbook. I recommend it to all those who love writing and reading in all disciplines.

One of the best books I've read on sentence building. The author shows you, page by page, the power of the "complex sentence". While simple sentences are called for at times, there are too many how-to books on why you should only write sentences with an arbitrary word count of "15" or something like that. I think the author did a great job of explaining the subject without making whiny critiques of other styles of writing he may be less supportive of. Compare that with some other books on writing, where the author literally has an ax to grind over anyone who would dare use those extended prose that are "self absorbed". This books shows you how relatively simple it is to build upon a simple idea, drawing out complex ideas through words a single sweep. Changed my writing.

Landon's "Building Great Sentences" provides a fascinating, though an ultimately tiresome, tour of how to build long, cumulative sentences. Let's cover the good and bad of this book, shall we? ((What I liked))) -In-depth coverage of cumulative sentences This book does one thing really well: Explain cumulative sentences, sentences that have a short "base clause" which are then elaborated on with free modifiers, such as adjectival clauses or similes. The entire book revolves around this sentence type, first by building up to the idea, second by elaborating on it's multiple forms and uses. I actually really enjoyed this in-depth look since, as a copywriter, the only advice I hear is to use short, punchy sentences. I'll be adopting some of Landon's advice to vary my sentence types. -Unique view of sentence theory Landon proposes that it's not words that build sentences, it's propositions. Words, phrases, and clauses are merely the blocks we use to overtly assert those propositions while some proposition are assumed. As a copywriter, I enjoy any advice that shows me how to imply more than is stated. -Mostly clear and separated ideas Lots of subheads. Lots of "There are 4 main principles" that help you skim and scan for information. Always welcome. (((What I disliked)) -False dichotomy between short and long sentences Landon's earliest chapters speak for adding more information as a way to build better sentences while almost shunning the idea that multiple short sentences, or a short sentence with stronger verbs, can provide plenty of detail if you do it right. It just seems silly for the argument to be "Either it's long and elaborates plenty or it's short and conveys little." Why not break up long sentences into multiple short ones and convey just as much information? I also dislike that the author says there's not much you can do to add detail in a short sentence (citing "Jesus wept" as an example). Poppycock! Eloquently packing loads of meaning into short sentences is my job. And many books have been written on the subject of writing short while conveying much. Examples: "How to Write Short: Word Craft for Fast Times" and "Microstyle: The Art of Writing Little." -Tiresome writing style The author loves long cumulative sentences...unfortunately, that seems to be the ONLY sentences he likes. This tires your eyes after awhile. Ironically, the author purports that these long cumulative sentences are for the reader' s sake, to let them know what's in the writer's brain, using more and more adjectival clauses. But can't you do that just as well with short sentences, too? Really, the author just needs to follow his own advice: Vary your sentence lengths. -Too in love with itself Too often Landon slides into talking too much about long sentences themselves rather than actually discussing how to write the bloody things. I Found myself skipping multiple paragraphs and quotes in the later chapters looking for the meat while only finding pedantic discussions that spin you in place before giving you the goods. The biggest offender is chapter 9: "The Riddle of Prose Rhythm," which ostentatiously discusses the background of others thoughts on rhythm while providing little concrete advice—until the end. There you see "Vary your sentence length." Well good night! All that discussion and that's all I get? Overall, I give this book a 3 because it does provide lots of new ideas I can add to my sentence writing toolbelt. I subtract 2 stars because of his limited view of long vs. short and the tiresome writing style that made the entire experience a pain rather than a pleasure.

Brooks Landon has written, from his years of teaching, an excellent book on composing sentences to best express your thoughts in writing, and give them the impact I wish them to carry in writing. I've read over 100 books on writing (most of which have been excellent)--ever looking to improve my own skills. Dr. Landon's book, nevertheless, gives me a full meal. I didn't expect it to do its job so well, opening my mind with new understanding that has already improved my skills. Anyone who writes to communicate--especially authors--will greatly benefit from reading this book--or getting his set of CDs. I'm excited about the difference this study has already made, how the information is playing out in my writing. Thank you, Dr. Landon! (Ariel I.)

I was sold on 'short concise and clear sentences' until I read this book. What an eye opener about writing great sentences -- especially in how to write very long, concise, clear, descriptive, moving, hooking and often better great sentences.

The style of writing This is someone who want to write the sentences effectively and great to know abt style of writing in this era

If you want to write interesting, engaging, information-packed sentences, sentences which are a pleasure to write and a pleasure to read, if you want to improve your style and attract and engage readers, if you want to vary the rhythm and pace of your prose, this book is definitely for you. Through a series of easy-to-follow chapters, Brooks Landon demonstrates that style is a matter of how writers engage with and employ the sentence, the sentence being the smallest unit of meaning, and therefore, the most important. He demonstrates several tried and tested methods of writing sentences which are longer, carry more information, and which are, most importantly, enjoyable to write, and both clear and enjoyable to read. The reason many longer sentences are bad is, as he demonstrates, not down to the fact that they are long per se, but that they are badly put together, the syntax poor, the layout confusing. The art of the sentence is, as he demonstrates through numerous examples, the art of knowing how to craft your writing by using techniques such as suspensive sentences, cumulative syntax, balance, and rhythm. If this makes the book sound forbidding, it shouldn't: Brooks Landon is always clear, always backs up his suggestions with examples, and provides exercises at the end of each chapter to allow the reader to put into practice what they have learned, sharing many examples of beautifully-written, perfectly comprehensible longer sentences by some of the finest prose stylists: Joan Didion, William H. Gass, Stanley Elkin, among many others, as well as citing earlier advice about how to write well, and explains why he believes such advice is valuable or otherwise, but always in a generous, welcoming spirit: for a didactic book, Landon is far from didactic – in the worst sense – and always generous and inclusive, demonstrating convincingly that prose style, as it relates to the sentence, is far from difficult, or some kind of mysterious, arcane topic, but is, on the contrary, perfectly comprehensible, straightforward to apprehend and apply and, above all, a great pleasure both to write and to read. To sum up, Brooks Landon writes clearly and lucidly about how writers can master writing at the level of the sentence, but is never didactic or prescriptive. His witty, chatty, generous approach is a pleasure to read in and of itself, and the information he shares is extremely valuable and useful. If you want to improve your own writing, as well as get more out of your reading, this is the book for you.

I would like to thank Dr. Landon for such an excellent book. You opened my eyes to so much I was not aware of, and I will now be able to look through every written text with fresh eyes. This book was indeed a revelation that will help with my own writing style and editing. It’s really great. 6 stars! Thank you.

This is a comprehensive examination of building elegant and comprehensive sentences using a simple technique of learning to combine phrases and clauses through subordination, conjunctions and parallel structures. Excellent for teaching advanced writing style.

You can undoubtedly learn many things about the structure of a good and bad sentence, and beyond it. This is not just about sentences, but about how minute changes in the language can make or lessen the impact of the idea. It's a language improvement course, which the professor has himself learnt and now want to pass on to others. A common reader will be disappointed though, or vice versa.